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Start with an operating system now
Operating systems are an advanced topic in many computer science curricula; by the time students encounter them, they are typically already familiar with C programming and may have previously taken a course in computer architecture. Consequently, the goal of teaching this subject is often to introduce students to the design and implementation of operating systems, with the implicit expectation that some will go on to conduct research in the field or write components of an operating system. This book is a translation of *Think OS* by Allen B. Downey. Originally developed for a course titled "Software Systems" at Olin College, the text remains a work-in-progress draft. This book does not assume prior study of computer architecture. As you read, you will gain a better understanding of computers and their architecture—specifically how processors and memory function, how processes are managed, how files are stored, and what happens when programs run. You will also learn what you, as a programmer, can do to make your programs run more efficiently and quickly. Chapter 1 explains the differences between compiled and interpreted languages and offers insights into how compilers work. Chapter 2 describes how operating systems use processes to prevent running programs from interfering with one another. Chapter 3 covers virtual memory and address translation, while Chapter 4 discusses file systems and data streams. Finally, Chapter 5 describes how numbers, characters, and other values are encoded, and explains bitwise operators. Chapter 6 explains dynamic memory management and its operation, while Chapter 7 focuses on caching and the memory hierarchy. Chapter 8 covers multitasking and scheduling. Chapter 9 deals with POSIX threads and synchronization objects (mutexes); Chapter 10 explains POSIX condition variables and the producer-consumer problem; and Chapter 11 focuses on the use of POSIX semaphores and their implementation in C.
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